Depression, medically classified as an affective disorder, manifests with symptoms like prolonged sadness, a lack of interest or pleasure, reduced motivation, lack of focus, insomnia, appetite loss, inappropriate guilt, and even suicidal tendencies. In severe cases, patients can experience hallucinations and delusions. According to the World Health Organization, the global prevalence of depression is about 11%, making it the fourth most common disease worldwide. It’s predicted to rank second only to heart disease in the near future, making it a significant health threat in the 21st century.
In the race to combat the rise of depression, scientists have made a groundbreaking discovery. Recent research indicates that the bacterial colonies residing in our gut might play a crucial role in our mental health. It sounds far-fetched that a condition traditionally perceived as a brain disease could be influenced by these tiny intestinal tenants. But our body, apart from the “brain” in our head, has a second “brain” in our belly, known as the “enteric nervous system.” This concept was introduced by American scientists in the late 20th century. Many studies have since confirmed that gut bacteria can indeed influence our emotions and behaviors through the gut-brain axis.
The neurotransmitters responsible for our emotions, such as serotonin, dopamine, and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), are primarily synthesized in the gut and then transported to the brain. If there’s a reduction in the synthesis and transmission of these substances, our mood is directly impacted.
Numerous animal studies show that gut bacteria play a pivotal role in inducing depression and anxiety. Research has found an imbalance in the gut flora of individuals with depression, with an increase in harmful bacteria. This has led to a surge in studies examining the effects of probiotics on mood, with promising results indicating that probiotic consumption can significantly alleviate symptoms of depression and anxiety.
Imagine a future where supplementing with probiotics becomes an auxiliary or even a primary treatment method for psychological disorders, including depression. The health of our gut is not just about diarrhea or constipation. We often underestimate the power of the tiny bacteria residing there. They coexist with us in mutual symbiosis, meaning their wellbeing directly influences ours.